The text hyperlinked below highlights online hate as both an accelerator and a symptom of broader grievances: digital platforms have realized that they can intensify hostility through speed, reach, and algorithmically reinforced filter bubbles. Social media represent spaces where pre‑existing views are confirmed, while the sheer volume of communication makes it impossible to quantify precisely the prevalence of extremist positions. At the same time, the importance and level of effectiveness of content moderation must be underscored, emphasizing that current amounts of online harm would be substantially worse in the absence of takedowns, de‑platforming, and other interventions by technology companies…
